The Zener diode utilizes the Zener effect, which is when the diode breaks down and allows the current to flow in the opposite direction when a certain voltage is exceeded. This breakdown voltage is known as the Zener voltage and can be controlled by adjusting the amount of doping of the diode.
Furthermore, Zener diodes are also used in signal clipping circuits, which are used to limit the maximum voltage of a signal. This is done by clipping off any voltage that exceeds the Zener voltage, thus preventing any damage to the device or circuit.
Zener diodes are also prone to thermal runaway. This is when the temperature of the diode increases, causing the Zener voltage to rise and thus increasing the current flow. This in turn leads to further increase in temperature, creating a feedback loop that can eventually damage the diode.
Signup on YourEngineer and get 1000 Engicoins instantly.